Which of the following statements with regard to drone swarms is/are correct ? 1. They use Terahertz band of frequency to communicate with the command centre. 2. Individual drones in the swarm can communicate with other drones in the swarm. 3. GPS Spoofing is a commonly used technique to counter drone swarm attack. Select the answer using the code given below :

Option (B) — 2 and 3 only

• Drone swarms typically use standard communication frequencies such as UHF, VHF, Wi-Fi, or other radio frequency bands for communication, not the Terahertz band, which is still largely experimental and not used in practical drone operations.
• Individual drones in a swarm communicate with each other using inter-drone communication protocols, enabling decentralized coordination and collective behavior without relying solely on a central command.
• GPS Spoofing is indeed a commonly used counter-drone technique where false GPS signals are sent to mislead drones, causing them to lose navigation or land in unintended locations.

• 1. They use Terahertz band of frequency to communicate with the command centre: Incorrect. Drone swarms use conventional radio frequency bands (such as UHF, VHF, or ISM bands) for communication. Terahertz communication is still in experimental stages and is not used in drone swarm operations.
• 2. Individual drones in the swarm can communicate with other drones in the swarm: Correct. A key feature of drone swarms is inter-drone communication, which enables decentralized decision-making and coordinated behavior among the drones.
• 3. GPS Spoofing is a commonly used technique to counter drone swarm attack: Correct. GPS spoofing involves broadcasting fake GPS signals to confuse drone navigation systems, and it is recognized as one of the counter-drone techniques used against swarm attacks.