Consider the following statements with regard to involvement of private entities in India's space programme : 1. The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) is an autonomous agency formed to facilitate participation of private entities. 2. Agnikul Cosmos launched the world's first flight using 3D-printed rocket engine. 3. Skyroot Aerospace has developed liquid fuel for GSLV. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Option (C) — 1 and 2 only

• IN-SPACe (Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre) was established in 2020 as an autonomous body under the Department of Space to promote, handhold, and authorize private sector participation in India's space activities.
• Agnikul Cosmos successfully launched its Agnibaan SOrTeD rocket in May 2024, which used a single-piece 3D-printed semi-cryogenic engine, making it the world's first such flight.
• Skyroot Aerospace developed and launched the Vikram-S rocket using solid-fuel propulsion. It has not developed liquid fuel for GSLV. GSLV uses cryogenic engines developed by ISRO.

• 1. The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) is an autonomous agency formed to facilitate participation of private entities: Correct. IN-SPACe was formed in 2020 specifically to act as a single-window agency to facilitate and authorize private participation in space activities.
• 2. Agnikul Cosmos launched the world's first flight using 3D-printed rocket engine: Correct. Agnikul Cosmos achieved this milestone with its Agnibaan SOrTeD mission, using a single-piece 3D-printed semi-cryogenic engine.
• 3. Skyroot Aerospace has developed liquid fuel for GSLV: Incorrect. Skyroot Aerospace is a private startup that launched the Vikram-S suborbital rocket using solid propulsion. It has not developed liquid fuel for ISRO's GSLV. GSLV's cryogenic upper stage is developed by ISRO itself.