Consider the following statements about the archaeological findings in Harappan towns : I. There is wide occurrence of spindle-whorls in the houses but absence of spinning wheels. II. Weights and measurement scales, complete with graduations have been discovered. III. There are houses built in large part with baked bricks, around relatively spacious courtyards, with their own wells, bathing platforms, and large rooms. Which of the following inferences can be drawn from the above statements ? 1. Statement I suggests that spinning was a laborious activity done at home. 2. Statement II suggests the extent of the scientific knowledge that the Harappans possessed. 3. Statement III suggests the emergence of a common property system. Select the answer using the code given below :

Option (A) — 1 and 2 only

• The Harappan (Indus Valley) civilization demonstrated advanced urban planning, craft production, and scientific knowledge in standardized weights and measures.
• Spindle-whorls found in houses without spinning wheels indicate that spinning was done manually at home, making it a time-consuming, laborious domestic activity.
• The discovery of standardized weights and graduated measurement scales reflects the advanced scientific and metrological knowledge of the Harappans.
• Houses with private wells, courtyards, bathing platforms, and large rooms suggest private property ownership and individual household wealth, not a common property system.

• 1. Statement I suggests that spinning was a laborious activity done at home: Correct. The presence of spindle-whorls (manual tools) and absence of spinning wheels confirms spinning was labor-intensive and done domestically.
• 2. Statement II suggests the extent of the scientific knowledge that the Harappans possessed: Correct. Standardized weights and graduated measurement scales demonstrate considerable scientific and mathematical knowledge.
• 3. Statement III suggests the emergence of a common property system: Incorrect. Houses with their own wells, private courtyards, and bathing platforms suggest private property and individual household ownership, not a common property system.