Which of the following items of defence hardware is/are manufactured in India? 1. Su-30 MKI Fighter Jets 2. T-90 MK-III Tanks 3. Akula Class Submarine Select the answer using the code given below :

Option (A) — Only Su-30 MKI and T-90 are manufactured domestically.

• India has actively focused on domestic defense manufacturing through strategic technology transfer agreements with partner nations, particularly Russia.
• Public sector undertakings such as Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and various Ordnance Factories play a critical role in building advanced military hardware locally.
• While many fighter jets and battle tanks are produced natively, certain strategic assets like nuclear powered attack submarines involve highly classified technology and have been leased rather than fully manufactured domestically.

• Statement 1. Su-30 MKI Fighter Jets: Correct. These twin jet multirole air superiority fighters are built under license in India by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.
• Statement 2. T-90 MK-III Tanks: Correct. The T-90 main battle tanks, famously known as Bhishma, are manufactured domestically at the Heavy Vehicles Factory in Avadi under a licensed production agreement with Russia.
• Statement 3. Akula Class Submarine: Incorrect. The Akula class nuclear powered submarines are not built in India. They have been leased directly from the Russian Navy, famously operated in India as INS Chakra.