Consider the following statements about Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI): 1. MPI is calculated using Alkire-Foster methodology. 2. MPI calculated by NITI Aayog has a total of twelve indicators. 3. Maternal Health and Bank Account are common indicators in the MPI of NITI Aayog and MPI of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Option (A) — 1 and 2 only

• The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) uses the Alkire-Foster methodology, developed by Sabina Alkire and James Foster at the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI).
• NITI Aayog's National MPI uses 12 indicators across three dimensions: Health, Education, and Standard of Living, aligned with the global MPI but with India-specific modifications.
• The Global MPI published by UNDP and OPHI uses 10 indicators across the same three dimensions.
• Bank Account is an indicator in NITI Aayog's MPI but not in the UNDP's Global MPI. Maternal Health is an indicator in NITI Aayog's MPI (as Maternal Health/ANC), while the UNDP Global MPI uses Nutrition (BMI) instead. Thus, they are not common to both.

• 1. MPI is calculated using Alkire-Foster methodology: Correct. Both the Global MPI (UNDP/OPHI) and NITI Aayog's National MPI employ the Alkire-Foster (AF) method for identifying and aggregating multidimensional poverty.
• 2. MPI calculated by NITI Aayog has a total of twelve indicators: Correct. NITI Aayog's National MPI uses 12 indicators across three dimensions (Health, Education, and Standard of Living), which is more than the 10 indicators used in the Global MPI.
• 3. Maternal Health and Bank Account are common indicators in the MPI of NITI Aayog and MPI of UNDP: Incorrect. Bank Account is specific to NITI Aayog's MPI and is not part of the UNDP Global MPI. Maternal Health (ANC) is also specific to NITI Aayog's framework. The UNDP Global MPI does not include these as indicators.